{"id":4938,"date":"2026-10-24T11:01:11","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T11:01:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?page_id=4938"},"modified":"2026-10-24T11:01:11","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T11:01:11","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?page_id=4938","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0645.\u0645. \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a<br \/>\n\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \/ \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\/ \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649\/ \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">This study dealt with the legal implications of the verification of civil liability arising from the transmission of coronavirus infection, through a comparative study between Iraqi, Iranian and Egyptian laws, with the aim of explaining the legal basis for compensation for damages resulting from transmission, and analyzing the provisions governing compensation, the parties to the civil liability lawsuit, the means of its negation and the limits of exemption from it. The study adopted the comparative analytical method through the analysis of legal texts, jurisprudential opinions and relevant judicial applications, to indicate the agreements and differences between the legislations subject to comparison.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The study concluded that the transmission of coronavirus infection, whenever the elements of civil liability are available from error, damage and causal relationship, entails tort liability that requires compensation for the injured. Monetary compensation was also found to be the most appropriate and effective means of reparation for damage caused by transmission, while compensation in kind remains limited due to the special nature of the health damage and the impossibility of restoring the situation to what it was in most cases. The study showed the difference in comparative legislation in the priority of compensation forms, as Iranian law gives priority to in-kind compensation when possible, while the Iraqi and Egyptian laws make monetary compensation the original. The study also confirmed that the negation of civil liability can only be achieved by proving the foreign cause or the interruption of the causal relationship, with the inadmissibility of agreeing on exemption from tort liability because of its association with public order.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The study concluded the need to develop civil legislation in response to the legal privacy of epidemics and infectious diseases, through the adoption of clearer texts regulating civil liability arising from the transmission of infection, and the strengthening of effective compensation mechanisms, in order to achieve a balance between protecting the rights of those affected and the stability of legal transactions, and keep pace with contemporary health and legal developments.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Civil Liability, COVID-19, Transmission of infection, Elements of civil liability, Compensation<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ETf2tjLtyxj_roIlbhgEX6PUEvDJmqVU\/preview\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u0645.\u0645. \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \/ \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\/ \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649\/ \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 Abstract This study dealt with the legal implications of the verification of civil liability arising from the transmission of coronavirus infection, through &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4938","page","type-page","status-publish",""],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647 - \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?page_id=4938\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647 - 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