{"id":5021,"date":"2026-10-31T08:24:37","date_gmt":"2026-10-31T08:24:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?page_id=5021"},"modified":"2026-10-31T08:24:37","modified_gmt":"2026-10-31T08:24:37","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?page_id=5021","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u2013 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u2013 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a
\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629
\n\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong>
\nPhoebe Marr is considered one of the most important Western historians who approached the history of Iraq with objectivity. Her aim was to understand the Iraqi people and provide a general overview to help people understand the country and its inhabitants. Most importantly, she wanted her account to be fair and objective, and therefore she consistently sought to avoid exaggeration in her writings.
\nIn analyzing the political reality of Iraq, Marr relied on several sources, most notably the works of Sayyid Abd al-Razzaq al-Hasani and the studies of Hanna Batatu, Edith Penrose, and Majid Khadduri. It is noteworthy that in all her works, she emphasized two important points: first, the formation of a modern state and the development of a cultural and national identity capable of uniting all ethnic and religious groups; and second, the economic, cultural, and social development of the country, which began in the early 19th century.<\/p>\n