{"id":4769,"date":"2026-06-15T13:42:48","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T13:42:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?p=4769"},"modified":"2026-06-15T13:42:48","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T13:42:48","slug":"4769","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?p=4769","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u200f<\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong> <strong>: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><strong>Alternaria spp<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0645. \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f<br \/>\n\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \/ \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Alternaria species are common plant pathogens. They cause serious damage to many crops around the world. These fungi produce toxins such as AOH, AME, and TEA. They are responsible for diseases like leaf spots, blights, and rot. Their toxins can enter food and may affect both humans and animals. This makes them a concern for food safety and security. This review highlights the diversity between fungi and plants, the biology of Alternaria disease and toxin production. development. It also describes the present control measures such as resistant cultivars, cultural, chemical and biological methods. Understanding Alternaria biology is important in the development of sustainable plant disease management systems<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1-0EqSd2mAnnFFmsp_sRcBRy9cVYP0yRB\/preview\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u200f\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 : \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627Alternaria spp \u0645. \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \/ \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629 Abstract Alternaria species are common plant pathogens. They cause serious damage to many crops around the world. These fungi produce toxins such as AOH, AME, and TEA. They are responsible for diseases like leaf spots, &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4769","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-1"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>- \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?p=4769\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"- \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u200f\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 : \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627Alternaria spp \u0645. \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \/ \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629 Abstract Alternaria species are common plant pathogens. They cause serious damage to many crops around the world. These fungi produce toxins such as AOH, AME, and TEA. They are responsible for diseases like leaf spots, &hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?p=4769\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-15T13:42:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/\",\"name\":\"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\",\"description\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?p=4769#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?p=4769\",\"name\":\"- \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-15T13:42:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-15T13:42:48+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/#\/schema\/person\/bb6abefc8bf6ce587b74a04c91fb1da6\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?p=4769#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?p=4769\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?p=4769#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\"}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/#\/schema\/person\/bb6abefc8bf6ce587b74a04c91fb1da6\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/826d62693f65b91920eec0c2e1c69a28?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/826d62693f65b91920eec0c2e1c69a28?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"- \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?p=4769","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"- \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629","og_description":"\u200f\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 : \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627Alternaria spp \u0645. \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \/ \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629 Abstract Alternaria species are common plant pathogens. They cause serious damage to many crops around the world. These fungi produce toxins such as AOH, AME, and TEA. They are responsible for diseases like leaf spots, &hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?p=4769","og_site_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629","article_published_time":"2026-06-15T13:42:48+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/","name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629","description":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?p=4769#webpage","url":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?p=4769","name":"- \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-06-15T13:42:48+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-15T13:42:48+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/#\/schema\/person\/bb6abefc8bf6ce587b74a04c91fb1da6"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?p=4769#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?p=4769"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?p=4769#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":""}]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/#\/schema\/person\/bb6abefc8bf6ce587b74a04c91fb1da6","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/#personlogo","inLanguage":"en","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/826d62693f65b91920eec0c2e1c69a28?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/826d62693f65b91920eec0c2e1c69a28?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"url":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4769"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4769"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4769\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4770,"href":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4769\/revisions\/4770"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4769"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4769"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alutroha.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}