أثر العامل السياسي والقومي  في حركة الاصلاح الديني في أوربا  (ألمانيا وسويسرا انموذجاً)

أثر العامل السياسي والقومي  في حركة الاصلاح الديني في أوربا  (ألمانيا وسويسرا انموذجاً)

م.د. سمر وهيب داخل
مديرية تربية ذي قار / قسم تربية الناصرية

Abstract

The Protestant Reformation in Europe was one of the most significant issues that influenced the thought and lives of Europeans during the 16th and 17th centuries. It had profound religious, social, and political repercussions, and triggered bloody wars that swept across the European continent. Some scholars view this Reformation as a purely religious movement, without considering its political, national, and even economic roots and causes, which played a crucial role in its continuation, development, and spread, as well as in its interaction with opposing forces. Hence, the importance of this topic lies in clarifying the extent to which political and national factors influenced the Protestant Reformation in Europe.

Keywords : Religious righteousness . Germany . Switzerland . Martin Luther . Zhongli